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  <h2>go/4-Go语言框架/4-1-gin框架/4-gin渲染</h2>



  <p class="post-date">2020-09-16</p>
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    <section class="markdown-content"><h1 id="一-各种数据格式的响应"><a href="#一-各种数据格式的响应" class="headerlink" title="一 各种数据格式的响应"></a>一 各种数据格式的响应</h1><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 多种响应方式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1.响应jsonjson</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/someJSON"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(<span class="number">200</span>, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"message"</span>: <span class="string">"成功"</span>, <span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="number">200</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 2. 结构体响应</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/someStruct"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> msg <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         Name    <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">         Message <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">         Number  <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      msg.Name = <span class="string">"root"</span></span><br><span class="line">      msg.Message = <span class="string">"message"</span></span><br><span class="line">      msg.Number = <span class="number">123</span></span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(<span class="number">200</span>, msg)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 3.响应XML</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/someXML"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      c.XML(<span class="number">200</span>, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"message"</span>: <span class="string">"成功"</span>,<span class="string">"sex"</span>:<span class="string">"男"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 4.YAML响应</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/someYAML"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      c.YAML(<span class="number">200</span>, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"name"</span>: <span class="string">"lqz"</span>,<span class="string">"sex"</span>:<span class="string">"男"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 5.protobuf格式,谷歌开发的高效存储读取的工具</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/someProtoBuf"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      reps := []<span class="keyword">int64</span>&#123;<span class="keyword">int64</span>(<span class="number">10</span>), <span class="keyword">int64</span>(<span class="number">20</span>)&#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 定义数据</span></span><br><span class="line">      label := <span class="string">"lqz_label"</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// protobuf 的具体定义写在 testdata/protoexample 文件中。</span></span><br><span class="line">      data := &amp;protoexample.Test&#123;</span><br><span class="line">         Label: &amp;label,</span><br><span class="line">         Reps:  reps,</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 请注意，数据在响应中变为二进制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 将输出被 protoexample.Test protobuf 序列化了的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">      c.ProtoBuf(<span class="number">200</span>, data)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   r.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="二-HTML模板渲染"><a href="#二-HTML模板渲染" class="headerlink" title="二 HTML模板渲染"></a>二 HTML模板渲染</h1><ul>
<li>gin支持加载HTML模板, 然后根据模板参数进行配置并返回相应的数据，本质上就是字符串替换</li>
<li>LoadHTMLGlob()方法可以加载模板文件</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="目录结构"><a href="#目录结构" class="headerlink" title="目录结构"></a>目录结构</h2><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1girtgt4ag7j30gk068jvr.jpg" alt="image-20200916004820498" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h2 id="index-html"><a href="#index-html" class="headerlink" title="index.html"></a>index.html</h2><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class="meta-keyword">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">"en"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;.title&#125;&#125;<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">我的名字是：&#123;&#123;.name&#125;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="main-go"><a href="#main-go" class="headerlink" title="main.go"></a>main.go</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   r.LoadHTMLGlob(<span class="string">"templates/*"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/index"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      c.HTML(http.StatusOK, <span class="string">"index.html"</span>, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"title"</span>: <span class="string">"我是测试"</span>, <span class="string">"name"</span>: <span class="string">"lqz"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   r.Run()</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h1 id="三-重定向"><a href="#三-重定向" class="headerlink" title="三 重定向"></a>三 重定向</h1><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/index"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, <span class="string">"http://www.liuqingzheng.top"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   r.Run()</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="四-同步异步"><a href="#四-同步异步" class="headerlink" title="四 同步异步"></a>四 同步异步</h1><ul>
<li>goroutine机制可以方便地实现异步处理</li>
<li>另外，在启动新的goroutine时，不应该使用原始上下文，必须使用它的只读副本</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"log"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"time"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.New()</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1.异步</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/long_async"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 需要搞一个副本</span></span><br><span class="line">      copyContext := c.Copy()</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 异步处理</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">go</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         time.Sleep(<span class="number">3</span> * time.Second)</span><br><span class="line">         log.Println(<span class="string">"异步执行："</span> + copyContext.Request.URL.Path)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;()</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(<span class="number">200</span>,gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"异步请求成功"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 2.同步</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/long_sync"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      time.Sleep(<span class="number">3</span> * time.Second)</span><br><span class="line">      log.Println(<span class="string">"同步执行："</span> + c.Request.URL.Path)</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(<span class="number">200</span>,gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"同步请求成功"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   r.Run(<span class="string">":8000"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></section>
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